By JULIE SCELFO

Much of the concern about cellphones and instant messaging and Twitter has been focused on how children who incessantly use the technology are affected. But parents’ use of such technology - and its effect on their offspring - is now becoming an equal source of concern to some childdevelopment researchers.

Sherry Turkle, director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Initiative on Technology and Self, has been studying how parental use of technology affects children and young adults. After five years and 300 interviews, she has found that feelings of hurt, jealousy and competition are widespread. In her studies, Dr. Turkle said, “Over and over, kids raised the same three examples of feeling hurt and not wanting to show it when their mom or dad would be on their devices instead of paying attention to them: at meals, during pickup after either school or an extracurricular activity, and during sports events.”

Dr. Turkle said that she recognizes the pressure adults feel to make themselves constantly available for work, but added that there is a greater force compelling them to keep checking the screen.

“There’s something that’s so engrossing about the kind of interactions people do with screens that they wall out the world,” she said. “I’ve talked to children who try to get their parents to stop texting while driving and they get resistance: ‘Oh, just one, just one more quick one, honey.’ It’s like ‘One more drink.’ ”

While waiting for an elevator at a mall near her home in Virginia recently, Janice Im, who works in earlychildhood development, witnessed an incident between a young boy and his mother.

The boy, who Ms. Im estimates was about 2.5 years old, made repeated attempts to talk to his mother, but she wouldn’t look up from her BlackBerry. “He’s like: ‘Mama? Mama? Mama?’ ” Ms. Im recalled. “And then he starts tapping her leg. And she goes: ‘Just wait a second. Just wait a second.’ ”

Finally, he was so frustrated, Ms. Im said, that “he goes, ‘Ahhh!’ and tries to bite her leg.”

Not all child-development experts think smartphone and laptop use by parents is necessarily a bad thing. Parents have always had to divide their attention, and researchers point out that there’s a difference between quantity and quality when it comes to conversations between parents and children.

“It sort of comes back to quality time, and distracted time is not high-quality time, whether parents are checking the newspaper or their BlackBerry,” said Frederick J. Zimmerman, a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, who has studied how television can distract parents. He also noted that smartphones and laptops may enable some parents to spend more time at home, which may, in turn, result in more, rather than less, quality time overall.

There is little research on how parents’ constant use of such technology affects children, but experts say there is no question that engaged parenting - talking and explaining things to children, and responding to their questions - remains the bedrock of early childhood learning.

Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley’s landmark 1995 book, “Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children,” shows that parents who supply a languagerich environment for their children help them develop a wide vocabulary, and that helps them learn to read.

The book connects language use at home with socioeconomic status. According to its findings, children in higher socioeconomic homes hear an average of 2,153 words an hour, whereas those in working-class households hear only about 1,251; children whose parents were on welfare heard an average of 616 words an hour.

Meredith Sinclair, a blogger in Wilmette, Illinois, said she had no idea how what she calls her “addiction to email and social media Web sites” was bothering her children until she established an Internet ban between 4 and 8 p.m., and they responded with glee.


Children become frustrated when text messaging or using Twitter become a priority. Rakesh Thakkar, near left, uses his iPhone during dinner. / MICHELLE LITVIN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES